Domestic abuse affects individuals across all demographics—age, gender, race, religion, sexuality, socioeconomic status, and geographic location. While women and children are predominantly affected, an increasing body of research underscores the prevalence of abuse among male victims as well.

Domestic abuse is alarmingly widespread. Statistically, one in four women and one in six men will encounter abuse at some point in their lives. On average, police in the UK receive a domestic abuse-related call every 30 seconds.

Yes, absolutely. Domestic abuse can occur to anyone, regardless of gender. Men, like women, can be victims of physical, emotional, sexual, and financial abuse.

Yes, domestic abuse does not discriminate and can affect individuals in heterosexual as well as LGBTQ+ relationships. The Elm Foundation collaborates with organisations to highlight the impact of homophobic, transphobic, and same-sex domestic abuse and provide necessary support to all victims.

Domestic abuse has a profound and lasting impact, including physical injuries such as bruises and broken bones, and psychological effects like depression and anxiety. Victims often experience fear, confusion, and worry, especially concerning their children, which can make leaving the relationship exceedingly difficult.

Leaving an abusive relationship is complex and fraught with challenges. Victims may face fears about their future and safety, concerns for their children, financial insecurities, isolation from support networks, and emotional attachments to their abuser, among other difficulties. Leaving is a process, not an event, and requires careful planning and support.

Children exposed to domestic abuse may suffer in their emotional and physical health, educational achievement, and social interactions. The effects vary widely but can lead to long-term issues such as increased risk of homelessness, poor academic performance, and engaging in risky behaviors.

Supporting someone experiencing domestic abuse involves being there for them without judgment, reassuring them that the abuse is not their fault, maintaining open lines of communication, and helping them access support services and explore their options safely.

Signs of an abusive relationship include but are not limited to:

• Destructive criticism and verbal abuse.
• Disrespect and persistent put-downs.
• Breaking trust and isolating behaviours.
• Harassment and threats.
• Physical violence.
• Denial of the abuse by the abuser.

Domestic abuse can have severe and long-lasting effects on a victim’s mental health. The ongoing stress and trauma of living in an abusive environment can lead to a variety of psychological issues. Common mental health consequences include:

• Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): Victims may experience flashbacks, nightmares, severe anxiety, and uncontrollable thoughts about the abuse.
• Depression: Prolonged emotional abuse and isolation can result in depression, characterized by persistent sadness, loss of interest in activities, feelings of hopelessness, and fatigue.
• Anxiety: Living in a constant state of fear and uncertainty contributes to anxiety, which may manifest as panic attacks, obsessive thoughts, and unrelenting worry.
• Low Self-Esteem: Regular criticism, humiliation, and disrespect from an abuser can diminish a victim’s self-esteem, leading to feelings of worthlessness and inadequacy.
• Suicidal Thoughts: In some severe cases, the despair and hopelessness that come from abuse can lead victims to consider or attempt suicide.

It is crucial for victims of domestic abuse to seek support from professionals who can provide the appropriate mental health care and therapeutic interventions. Early intervention can mitigate these effects and assist in the recovery process.

If you witness domestic abuse, your response should prioritize safety—for both yourself and the victim. Here are steps you can take:

• Do Not Confront the Abuser: Confronting the abuser might escalate the situation and increase the danger for the victim.
• Call Emergency Services: If you believe the victim is in immediate danger, call the police or emergency services right away.
• Document What You See: If it is safe to do so, keep a record of incidents you witness, as this can be helpful for the victim if they decide to seek legal action in the future.
• Offer Support to the Victim: Let them know you are concerned for their safety and are there to help. Provide them with information about local domestic abuse resources and helplines.
• Respect the Victim’s Choices: Understand that the victim may not be ready to leave or take action against their abuser. Offer support but respect their decisions and timing.
• Educate Yourself: Understand the dynamics of domestic abuse and the best practices for supporting victims. This can make you a more effective ally.

Witnessing domestic abuse can be distressing and complex, but knowing how to respond appropriately can make a significant difference in the victim’s ability to obtain help and stay safe.